We started from the top of a randomised list of the 380 videos to get an overall impression, and studied encounters without any particular coding structure in mind. To contrast the medical perspective, we included a social psychologist/communication specialist (RMF) in the analytic phase of the study. The team had a continuous dialogue about the potential biases generated by a shared medical perspective. Informed by previous medical training, we had no problem with understanding the words and actions observed in the encounters. The four-member project team consisted of a specialist registrar in internal medicine/research fellow (EHO), a neurologist/professor (JCF), a general practitioner/professor (ES) and a professor of health services research/previously a general practitioner and a public health specialist (PG). We assembled a team of physicians to analyse the videotaped encounters starting autumn 2010. Such a taxonomy could be helpful in teaching, and in studies on quality of medical work, its financial implications, understanding of patient involvement, and disentangling the complexity of physicians’ everyday tasks. This paper describes the process from initial observations of video recorded patient–physician encounters, through deliberations about what constitutes a decision, to the development of a taxonomy of decisions. In order to better understand clinical decision-making processes, we aimed to identify and classify all decisions emerging in conversations between patients and physicians. The literature lacks a comprehensive system for classifying medical decisions in patient–physician encounters. 14 Most of the time, diagnostic problem-solving and therapeutic actions present options that require decision-making and leave room for interpretation because of medical and contextual complexity. However, medical ‘problem-solving’ often involves ‘decision-making’ on the path to a conclusion, best illustrated by the fact that diagnostic conclusions seldom reveal themselves they have to be produced by someone. However, it does not capture decisions that influence the subsequent ‘courses of action’, such as evaluations of findings and tests, and interpretations concerning diagnosis, prognosis and aetiology, most likely because patient involvement in such decisions is not considered relevant.ĭeber 13 made a distinction between ‘problem-solving’, which was defined as the ‘search for a single correct solution to a problem, and ‘decision-making’, which was defined as ‘situations in which a choice must be made among one of several alternatives’. This definition is broad and includes actions leading to diagnostic tests, prescriptions, referrals and instructions regarding diet and physical activity. In a study of patient involvement in decisions, Braddock et al 12 developed a descriptive definition of a medical decision as ‘a verbal statement committing to a particular course of action’. Haynes et al 11 have pointed out that this is a prescriptive rather than descriptive approach to medical decisions: ‘It is a guide for thinking about how decisions should be made rather than a schema for how they are made’.Ĭlinical encounters often deal with multiple problems, with several decisions being made. For example, Sackett et al 10 define evidence-based decisions as ‘the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values’. 1 Attempts to define decisions have followed these function-specific patterns. 1 4–9 Medical decision science has descriptive, normative and prescriptive functions: explaining how patients and physicians routinely make decisions, proposing standards for ideal decision-making, and providing tools to make good decisions in practice, respectively. The words decision and judgement are used as synonyms in everyday and medical language, 3 which is reflected in the research and theory on clinical judgement and decision-making that have advanced healthcare in the past five decades. 1 Decision-making can be regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities. Decision-making is a key activity in patient–physician encounters, with decisions as the outcomes of such activity.
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Read more.ĭirected by Elizabeth Banks (Charlie’s Angels, Pitch Perfect 2) from a screenplay by Jimmy Warden (The Babysitter: Killer Queen), Cocaine Bear is produced by Oscar® winners Phil Lord and Christopher Miller (Spider-Man: Into The Spider-Verse, The Mitchells vs. The film is executive produced by Robin Mulcahy Fisichella, Alison Small and Nikki Baida. The Machines) for Lord Miller, Elizabeth Banks (Pitch Perfect franchise) and Max Handelman (Pitch Perfect franchise) for Brownstone Productions, Brian Duffield (Spontaneous) for Jurassic Party Productions and Aditya Sood (The Martian) for Lord Miller. (BlacKkKlansman), Kristofer Hivju (Game of Thrones), Hannah Hoekstra (2019’s Charlie’s Angels) and Aaron Holliday (Sharp Objects), with with Emmy winner Margo Martindale (The Americans) and Emmy winner Ray Liotta (The Many Saints of Newark).ĭirected by Elizabeth Banks (Charlie’s Angels, Pitch Perfect 2) from a screenplay by Jimmy Warden (The Babysitter: Killer Queen), Cocaine Bear is produced by Oscar® winners Phil Lord and Christopher Miller (Spider-Man: Into The Spider-Verse, The Mitchells vs. (Straight Outta Compton), Christian Convery-Jennings (Sweet Tooth), Alden Ehrenreich (Solo: A Star Wars Story), Jesse Tyler Ferguson (Modern Family), Brooklynn Prince (The Florida Project), Isiah Whitlock Jr. Inspired by the 1985 true story of a drug runner's plane crash, missing cocaine, and the black bear that ate it, this wild dark comedy finds an oddball group of cops, criminals, tourists and teens converging in a Georgia forest where a 500- pound apex predator has ingested a staggering amount of cocaine and gone on a coke-fueled rampage for more blow … and blood.Ĭocaine Bear stars Keri Russell (The Americans), O’Shea Jackson, Jr. There will be no emotionally driven reason why dragonflies would bite. We have to remember that dragonflies are like any other wild animal. And again, like the adults, these bites aren’t, in any way, harmful. Perhaps you’ve dislodged one whilst cleaning your pond, or a scientist may be studying one in the field – these larvae will only bite if they feel threatened. In fact, it’s very unlikely that a bite from a dragonfly will even pierce the skin – unless it’s an incredibly large dragonfly – the larger the dragonfly, the larger the mandibles.Īs mentioned in the previous section, there are also exceptions to the rules when considering dragonfly larvae.Īgain, if a bite is administered from one of these creatures then it is likely to be given in self-defense, meaning that a human has unsettled them in some way. If you do ever find yourself bitten by a dragonfly, then do not be concerned – they are not dangerous or poisonous in any way. If this is the case, then the dragonfly will use its mandibles to deliver a bite in self-defense. More than likely, the dragonfly has been picked up and is being handled incorrectly. If a dragonfly was to bite a human, then chances are the human in question has done something to unsettle the insect. Not for the dragonfly’s penchant for biting people. What are the exceptions?Īs with anything, there are always exceptions to the rules, and if we look at our question ‘Do Dragonflies Bite?’ in relation to humans, then yes – sometimes, they will bite humans.Įxception would more than likely only come about due to human action, Rapidly reach out and snap up prey as it passes. To do this because their lower jaw is extendable, meaning it can Like their parents, they are ferocious carnivores that will feed on anything they can get their jaws into insects, water snails, crustaceans, small fish and even other larvae. Rephrase it slightly: Can dragonfly larvae bite? As always, there are exceptions to this, but we’ll discuss them in the next section). Whether or not they bite depends on how we are asking the question.ĭo dragonfly larvae bite? – again we think of ‘do they bite humans?’ – No, typically they don’t. Their lives as larvae, usually nestled underwater somewhere waitingįor the right time to emerge. dragonfly head diagramĪny small prey is usually caught straight away by the mouth, but larger prey, such as moths, butterflies and dragonflies will be held by the front legs as well, to ensure the dragonfly has enough control to administer its bite. They’re also hinged to give the dragonfly the option to open them really wide to accommodate larger prey.īelow is a diagram of the facial parts of a dragonfly, the mandibles are at the base of the image. These jaw-like structures often have sharp points, as well as serrated knife-like edges to help with the task. Their mandibles are positioned either side of the dragonflies’ head and controlled by abductor and adductor muscles to allow those cutting, chewing and crushing motions that jaws are so good at. Mandibles are essentially the jaws of the insect. Holding the prey in place whilst the mouthparts responsible forĪdministering the biting action get to work. Situated in the lower part of the mouth and are essentially used for Mouth is comprised of different components that all work together toĪssist with the insect’s bite function. can dragonflies bite? What mouthparts do dragonflies have? So, if dragonflies didn’t bite their prey then they wouldn’t have a food source allowing them to survive successfully.ĭragonflies belong to the Odonata Order, a name which derives from the Greek word ‘ Odonto’ which means tooth, another clear indicator of their biting ability.Īlthough dragonflies don’t actually have teeth they do have a variety of mouth parts that allow the insect to bite successfully – and while dragonflies bite – they do not sting. They will bite them and chew them before ingesting them. In fact, they rely on their ability to bite in order to survive.īeing a carnivorous insect, dragonflies hunt other insects for prey moths, midges, mosquitoes, butterflies and even other dragonflies. However, if you rephrase the question slightly, then the answer changes to:- Can dragonflies bite? My weekly horoscope: Weekly guide to what the stars have in store for YOU - October 21-27, 2023.Widower blasted father and son to death with a shotgun in bid to settle a custody dispute involving his grandson.with YOUR WIFE!' (And what happened when Eric Clapton said the same about HIS woman) The day George Harrison told Ringo Starr: 'I'm in love.Are you suffering with menopause misery? These women reveal how a natural supplement helped their symptoms.
Over time, traffic calming measures like speed humps will be installed to slow down or even deter car traffic along these corridors, keeping the experience as comfortable as possible for cyclists of all ages and abilities. This year the City is implementing 20 miles of this network! Bike Boulevards are mostly residential side streets that parallel busy, sometimes intimidating roads. Back in 2015, the City identified priority routes that could be used by cyclists to navigate the city. One of the best things that Rochester has to offer in terms of bikeability is its ongoing Bicycle Boulevards implementation. I can cut 10-15 minutes off my commute when on the e-bike. Still a great workout when you want it to be, but lots of fun to blast up a hill with little effort sometimes. I have used the same route since then and I now know the timing of the lights, where the potholes are, where people drive weirdly, etc. I tested out several routes when I started biking to work on a Sunday when roads were pretty quiet. Here are some of the lessons I have learned from now hundreds of days of bike commuting: The whole way is very safe and now has a bike lane almost the entire route. My route is Rt 31 to Schoen Place to Rt 96 past Nazareth to Fisher, left onto East Ave (GREAT new bike lane!) to University to Culver to Norton and Portland. I live on the border of Pittsford and Fairport. There is really nothing like the feeling I get when my workday starts with a ride instead of the usual car commute on 490 (cycling is sort of a cross between Rocky running up the library stairs and a tranquil Zen master). I am not comfortable riding before sunrise or after sunset (despite bright lights and neon clothing) so my bike to work season is usually late-April to mid-September. I am a doctor at RGH and have been biking to work for the past 15ish years. Gerald Gacioch sharing his personal travel-by-bike experiences. To get us familiar with this green territory surrounding RGH, here’s Dr. Here are some of the best step by step tutorials for beginners to learn to draw easy things on YouTube. Luckily these days there are hundreds of free video resources on YouTube for beginners to learn to draw. When you’re learning how to draw it can be really useful to see the exact steps and method someone else uses to draw something. Source: Source: blackandwhitebullet Source: Source: Source: things to draw for beginners – step by step video tutorials A beginner can also use real life objects as a guide to help them draw. Source: My.life.in.a.bullet Source: Source: Sidereallife Objects Source: Source: Source: inanimate objects can be a good option for beginners as they are usually made up of straight lines and shapes that are easily identified. It’s hard to go wrong when drawing plants, and even if you do, you can fix your mistakes easily. Their soft, organic shape make them more forgiving to draw for beginners. Source: Source: _doodle_me_this_ Source: _doodle_me_this_ Source: Plants Source: Source: great place to start for beginners is drawing flowers, trees and other plants. It’s also fun to draw animals because you can allow your imagination to run wild and create your own new species or draw a hybrid of two animals. Once you’ve mastered how to draw one animal, drawing others with come easily to you as the basics are the same for every animal. Source: Source: Source: blackandwhitebullet Source: Source: Source: _doodle_me_this_ Animals Source: Source: Splendidscribbles Source: _doodle_me_this_Īnimals are good to draw for beginners because you can create cute critters with just a few lines. Start off by practicing drawing fruit and vegetables and then move on to drawing more complicated foods like sandwiches, burgers and sushi!ĭrawing food will educate you on spatial relationships and show you that everything you draw is made up of multiple basic shapes like squares, triangles and circles. Step by step how to draw 100+ easy things for beginners.įood Source: Nicolegracestudies Source: Source: is a great thing for beginners to draw because you can make it as simple or complicated as you like. Food, animals and plants are the most straightforward objects for beginners to draw while drawing people, scenes or landscapes is a lot more difficult for beginners. The easiest things to draw for beginners are two-dimensional (2D) objects in a cartoon style. What are the easiest things to draw for beginners? The most important thing to remember is to just have fun with it! With a bit of practice and the help of some step by step tutorials, before you know it you’ll be able to draw all kinds of things in your sketchbook or journal. It might come more naturally to some people than others but anyone can learn to draw easy things without too much effort. You don’t have to be born with a ton of artistic talent to be able to draw ✏️. If your earnings are such that you no longer qualify for unemployment benefits, your benefits will automatically cease. If you return to work, simply report those earnings when you claim your weeks. If I return to work, how do I end my unemployment benefits? The booklets, forms and instructions to apply in writing can be found at the One Stop Career Centers. You can file and appeal on the Internet at appeals or in writing. What can I do if I am denied or if I don’t agree with a decision made in my case? On your emergency benefit claim you will be paid your current weekly benefit amount and a maximum payable amount of 80% of the original Maximum Available Credits on your current claim. If you exhaust all of your benefits prior to the end of your “benefit year”, an emergency benefit claim will be established automatically and a determination letter sent to you. You are paid by direct deposit to your bank account or by a check mailed to your mailing address.Ĭan I receive an extension if I exhaust my original claim? Payments are made every two weeks based on your claim that you have filed. After your initial payment, you should be paid on a regular schedule. Additionally, setting up your account and processing your first payment make take as long as one month. Remember that there is a one week waiting period before payments begin. When will I get my first payment, how often will I be paid and how am I paid? The system is available Monday through Friday from 7:00 a.m. You can claim your weeks via the Internet at or via telephone at 1-80. Once approved, you will be assigned either Monday or Tuesday to claim your weeks and you must do so every two weeks. How do I claim my weeks once I have been approved?įirst, understand that there is a mandatory waiting period of one week before benefits begin so while you need to claim that first week, you will not be paid for it. Note, however, that the minimum weekly benefit amount is $32 and the maximum amount is $275. Then take the quarter in your base period where you had the most earnings and divide that amount by 26. For instance, if you apply on February 5th, 2010, your base period will be from Octothrough September 30, 2009. Your base period is the first four of the last five quarters. How much you will receive depends on how much you earned during your base period. A list of One Stops can be found at How much will I qualify for if I am approved for unemployment? Booklets and forms for applying via mail are available at all Florida One Stop Career Centers. You can apply via telephone at 180, Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m.If you do not have access to a computer, you may apply using the computers at the One Stop Career Centers located throughout Florida You can apply on the Internet at 24 hours a day – 7 days a week.NOTE: Both the Internet and telephone system are available in English, Spanish and Creole. Once you have submitted the initial application, all income received during the base period should show on your wage transcript. Have at least $3400 total earnings in the base periodĪll you will need to apply is your personal information, including social security number, and employer information.Have a total base period wages of at least 1 1/2 times the wages in the quarter with the highest earnings.You must have received earnings in at last two of the quarters in the base period.What constitutes sufficient work and earnings? You may be required to provide proof that you are looking for work at nay time during the process. Additionally, the claimant must be available and able to work AND actively seeking work. The second prong is evaluated on a case by case basis but usually you cannot receive unemployment if you quit your job. Second you must have been separated from your employer through no fault of your own. First, you must have sufficient work and earnings. To qualify for unemployment in the State of Florida, you must pass two eligibility determination tests. One important thing to note about this series is how it challenges the viewer's intelligent. Instead of offering its own unique take on unwatchable trash, it rather seems to be made for ironic viewing without any seriousness Hand Shakers seems more like a parody of those. Series such as Code Geass and Clannad did an impressive job building all the depth and factors that made these series garbage in almost every possible way. In fact, it just offers a mediocre view on bad. It's not advanced awfulness, terribad clusterfuckery, not even It has lots of bad, but none of the bad in it impressed me in any way. Sure this series doesn't have many good things in it. And once again the exaggeration was real, and Hand Shakers was more or less like the "best series ever". For this reason I approached it with the same skepticism I approach the "best series ever" claims. Of course, this same thing is being declared about every series ever by people who have not seen every series ever. So I watched Hand Shakers because I heard it's the worst thing ever. With meeting God being their only hope for saving her, the duo must find a way to make their unique powers mesh together, overcome the opposing Hand Shakers, and make their wish come true. However, Koyori's life is directly tied to her status as a Hand Shaker, meaning if Tazuna was to ever let go of her hand she would die. Remembering her dying wish to never let go of her hand, Tazuna grasps Koyori's hand and awakens his power as a Hand Shaker. After receiving a request for repairs from Professor Makihara of a nearby university, Tazuna stumbles upon Koyori Akutagawa, a bedridden girl that reminds him of his deceased sister Musubu. Tazuna Takatsuki, a high school student with a penchant for fixing things, is one of these Hand Shakers. Each pair of Hand Shakers must battle it out for the right to meet with God, who will reward them by granting them a single wish. By grasping the hand of their special partner, these "Hand Shakers" transport themselves to the realm of Ziggurat, an alternate dimension where time no longer exists. Those who receive the Revelation of Babel must overcome many battles and trials. Thanks to the widespread digitization of old out-of-copyright books, you can now find the text of most of these ordinances online. In the ensuing half-century, more than thirty other cities, from Pensacola to Peoria to San Francisco, adopted similar municipal ordinances, and still more cities followed suit in the early years of the twentieth century. Citing the need to uphold traditionally conservative standards of morality, decency, and order, dozens of municipal governments passed laws to criminalize and suppress certain public expressions of personal identity that the powers-that-be considered aberrant and “disorderly.” One of the earliest and most popular of these laws was a prohibition against what is commonly known as “cross dressing.” Columbus, Ohio, bears the honor of being the earliest-known city in the United States to pass such a law, in the year 1848. In cities across America in the second half of the nineteenth century, a segment of the population objected to non-mainstream expressions of sexual identity on the grounds that they violated a largely-unwritten code of “correct” public behavior. While relatively suppressed in traditional rural communities, where folks generally knew their neighbors’ business, however, these issues of personal identity became increasingly visible as urban populations became more crowded and diverse. Homosexuality and transgender identity have existed in the animal kingdom and human civilization since time immemorial, of course, and certainly were not new or unique to the industrialized cities of the mid-nineteenth century. Among the diverse city dwellers expressing themselves were men who were attracted to men, women attracted to women, and people whose personal gender identity differed from the gender assigned to them at birth. Empowered by the new-found sense of belonging and comradery, these new urbanites took steps to express their personal identities against the backdrop of the increasingly impersonal, mechanized world. Across the industrialized world, people of diverse backgrounds created new urban communities based on shared values and interests, gathering into new sorts of tribes that had not existed in previous generations. Steam power and railroads fostered a new era of personal mobility, enticing people to flock from tight-knit, homogenous rural communities to the more anonymous and heterogeneous cities. The most conspicuous change was the rise of the industrial city, with its factories, machinery, and swarms of laborers. Let’s begin our investigation of this topic by looking at the big picture first and then narrowing the focus to the cross-dressing concerns of post-Civil War Charleston.īeginning in the late eighteenth century and gaining steam in the ensuing decades, the Industrial Revolution unleashed a wave of innovation and expansion that had significant and lasting effects on the social fabric of the United States and all of Western Europe. That body of scholarship can certainly help us understand the broad cultural context for this local phenomenon, but it does not include any engagement with the specific historical conditions and circumstances that were unique to Charleston at that moment in time. In recent years, a number of scholars investigating the history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT+) issues have examined the roots and legacies of these early anti-cross-dressing laws in a pretty thorough fashion. It was, in fact, the local manifestation of a larger wave of similar prohibitions that swept across the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century. The ordinance ratified in 1868 by Charleston’s City Council prohibiting what is commonly called “cross dressing” is more than just a curious part of this community’s colorful history. Today we’ll explore the context of this 1868 law and its long-lasting impact on the freedom of gender expression in our community. In the spring of 1868, the City of Charleston passed an ordinance making it illegal for a person to appear in public dressed in a manner “not becoming his or her sex.” Why would they do such a thing? The answer is wrapped in the confusing world of post-Civil War Charleston, a place filled with Union soldiers enforcing federal laws, formerly-enslaved people starting new lives, and members of the old guard trying to make sense of a topsy-turvy new world. For more service details, contact us online or call us at 80. Along with affordable pricing, you'll find oil change coupons on our website to help you save even more. The quality of our service has improved so if you haven’t come in for a while print off a coupon and come to one of our conveniently located stores. Our family has been a part of the Jiffy Lube family since 1999. Griffin Fast Lube is a family owned and operated business. Save time and money when you visit Valvoline Instant Oil Change℠ in Reno, NV. 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